What is Susac’s syndrome?
Susac’s syndrome is a rare autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly causes the lining of certain blood vessels to swell. This can lead to changes in vision, hearing and brain function.
Although there is no cure, treatment can help manage symptoms and lower the risk of lasting health problems. For autoimmune conditions like Susac’s syndrome, medication can help control the immune system and reduce the problems it can cause.
What causes Susac’s syndrome?
Susac’s syndrome is thought to be caused by inflammation in the blood vessels supplying the brain, eyes and ears. Over time this can reduce blood flow, making it difficult for these organs to receive the oxygen they need to function well.
What are the symptoms of Susac’s syndrome?
The symptoms of Susac’s syndrome vary from person to person and they may develop gradually. In some cases the condition has been seen to improve, while other people may experience flare-ups over time.
Symptoms include:
- Severe or persistent headaches
- Confusion, memory problems or difficulty concentrating
- Changes in personality, behaviour or mood
- Extreme tiredness or drowsiness
- Blurred vision, blind spots or loss of vision in part of one eye
- Sudden hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears) or vertigo
- Dizziness or problems with balance and coordination
- In some cases, seizures
These symptoms are similar to those of other neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, making the condition difficult to diagnose. However, specialised eye tests can reveal tiny blockages, known as occlusions, in the blood vessels of the retina. Doctors refer to these as branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAOs) – a key feature of Susac’s syndrome.
