What are Tarlov cysts?
Tarlov cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on nerve roots at the base of the spine. The sacs are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is the fluid that surrounds our brain and spinal cord.
They are often harmless, but some larger cysts can affect nearby nerves.
Tarlov cysts are rare and are often missed, especially when they don’t cause symptoms. Although cysts don’t disappear on their own, many cases won’t require treatment or monitoring.
What causes Tarlov cysts?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it may be linked to:
- Weakness in the nerve’s protective layer
- Injury to the spine
- Increased pressure in CSF
The chance of having a cyst may be higher if you have had a previous injury or surgery to the spine or have a connective tissue disorder.
What are the symptoms of Tarlov cysts?
Most Tarlov cysts cause no symptoms. They are usually diagnosed using an MRI scan, with many people not realising they have a cyst until it is found on imaging.
When symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on where the cyst is and the amount of pressure they cause.
Symptoms can include:
- Lower back or pelvic pain
- Sciatica or nerve pain down the legs
- Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
- Bladder or bowel issues
- Sexual dysfunction
Symptoms can be more noticeable after an injury, or long periods of sitting or standing.
If you are experiencing symptoms, support such as pain management and physiotherapy may help manage your condition.
