What is Dandy-Walker syndrome?
Dandy-Walker syndrome is a rare congenital brain condition which affects how the brain develops from birth.
It mainly impacts the cerebellum – the part of the brain that controls movement, balance and coordination.
Often, a child born with Dandy-Walker syndrome will also have other conditions that impact their quality of life.
What causes Dandy-Walker syndrome?
Dandy-Walker syndrome is caused by changes in how the brain forms during early pregnancy.
The condition leads to part of the cerebellum being underdeveloped or missing and often includes a build-up of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus).
In many cases, the exact cause is not known. Some cases are linked to genetic changes, but Dandy–Walker syndrome is not always inherited, and cases can occur without a family history.
What are the symptoms of Dandy-Walker syndrome?
Symptoms can vary widely. Some children have mild learning difficulties, while others may have complex physical and developmental challenges.
The most common visible symptom is an oval-shaped crown of the head and flatness to the lower back of the head at birth.
Similar to autism, Dandy-Walker syndrome has its own spectrum. Associated conditions and learning differences include:
- Sensory issues
- Dyscalculia
- Epilepsy
- Congenital heart conditions
- Autism
- Craniosynostosis (early fusion of skull bones)
- Hydrocephalus
- Low muscle tone
- ‘Mirroring’ (motor control, both hands replicate each other’s movements)
- Visual impairments
There is no known cure for Dandy-Walker syndrome. It is monitored through regular appointments with a neurologist. Some children may need surgery to insert a shunt to relieve pressure from hydrocephalus.
