What is delirium?
Delirium is a serious condition that causes sudden confusion and changes in thinking, behaviour, and awareness. It can develop quickly and is often a sign that something is wrong with the body or brain.
Delirium can affect people of any age though it’s most common in older adults – especially during illness.
While it can happen alongside dementia (a progressive condition that develops slowly over time), they are two distinct conditions with different causes and features.
What causes delirium?
Delirium happens when the brain or body is under too much stress, which can affect how it functions. It can be triggered by many things, including:
- A serious illness or infection (such as pneumonia)
- Stroke or head injury
- Surgery or hospital stay
- Dehydration or poor nutrition
- Medication side effects or withdrawal
- Alcohol or drug misuse
- Severe pain or lack of sleep
- Trouble seeing or hearing
Delirium is often temporary and can sometimes improve with treatment of the underlying cause.
Some people will feel more like themselves within a few days, while others may have good days and harder days along the way.
What are the symptoms of delirium?
Symptoms of delirium can come and go, and they can vary from person to person. They may include:
- Sudden confusion or disorientation
- Difficulty concentrating or following conversations
- Hallucinations or paranoia
- Restlessness or agitation
- Drowsiness or being unusually quiet
- Changes in mood or personality
- Being awake at night and feeling tired during the day
Delirium can be frightening both for the person experiencing it and the people caring for them.
Treatment can often ease symptoms, while a medical team will look for any underlying cause.
Alongside this, supporting a person by keeping them calm and settled can bring a real sense of comfort during what can be an alarming time.
